Japanese Grammar: Giving and Receiving Favors (てあげます・てもらいます・てくれます)

Giving and Receiving Favors：てあげます・てもらいます・てくれます

行こう為いの授じゅ受じゅ表ひょう現げん（Giving and Receiving Favors）

自じ分ぶんの行こう為いが相あい手てに感かん謝しゃされると思おもうときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker thinks that the other person will be grateful for the action.

Teacher: I taught Japanese to the student. (The teacher thinks that the student will appreciate the action.)

相あい手ての行こう為いに感かん謝しゃしているときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker is grateful for the other person’s action.

Student: I received the teacher’s action of teaching Japanese. (The student is very grateful to the teacher.)

「てもらいます」に対たい応おうする英えい語ご文ぶん型けいはありません。

There is no direct English grammatical equivalent for the expression “〜てもらいます.”

相あい手ての行こう為いに感かん謝しゃしているときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker is grateful for the other person’s action.

Student: The teacher taught me Japanese. (The student is very grateful to the teacher.)

「てくれます」文ぶん型けいで行こう為いを受うけ取とる人ひとは、「私わたし」、または家か族ぞくや親しん友ゆうなど、「話はなし手てが自じ分ぶんと親したしい関かん係けいだと考かんがえる人ひと」です。
In the “〜てくれます” pattern, the receiver of the action is the speaker or someone close to the speaker, such as family members or close friends.

Giving and Receiving Favors：てあげます・ていただきます・てくださいます

自じ分ぶんの行こう為いが相あい手てに感かん謝しゃされると思おもうときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker thinks that the other person will be grateful for the action.

Teacher: I taught Japanese to the student. (The teacher thinks that the student will appreciate the action.)

相あい手ての行こう為いに感かん謝しゃしているときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker is grateful for the other person’s action.

「ていただきます」は「てもらいます」の謙けん譲じょう語ごです。

“〜ていただきます” is the humble form of “〜てもらいます.”

Student: I received the teacher’s action of teaching Japanese. (The student is very grateful to the teacher.)

「てもらいます」に対たい応おうする英えい語ご文ぶん型けいはありません。

There is no direct English grammatical equivalent for the expression “〜てもらいます.”

相あい手ての行こう為いに感かん謝しゃしているときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker is grateful for the other person’s action.

「てくださいます」は「てくれます」の尊そん敬けい語ごです。

“〜てくださいます” is the honorific form of “〜てくれます.”

Student: The teacher taught me Japanese. (The student is very grateful to the teacher.)

「てくださいます」文ぶん型けいで行こう為いを受うけ取とる人ひとは、「私わたし」、または家か族ぞくや親しん友ゆうなど、「話はなし手てが自じ分ぶんと親したしい関かん係けいだと考かんがえる人ひと」です。

In the “〜てくださいます” pattern, the receiver of the action is the speaker or someone close to the speaker, such as family members or close friends.

Reference: Minna no Nihongo Lesson 41

Giving and Receiving Favors：てさしあげます・てもらいます・てくれます

自じ分ぶんの行こう為いが相あい手てに感かん謝しゃされると思おもうときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker thinks that the other person will be grateful for the action.

「てさしあげます」は「てあげます」の謙けん譲じょう語ごです。　

“〜てさしあげます” is the humble form of “〜てあげます.”

Employee: I lent an umbrella to my boss. (The employee thinks that the boss will be pleased.)

自じ分ぶんの行こう為いが相あい手てに感かん謝しゃされると思おもうときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker thinks that the other person will be grateful for the action.

Boss: I received help from the employee by being lent an umbrella. (The boss is very grateful to the employee.)

「てもらいます」に対たい応おうする英えい語ご文ぶん型けいはありません。

There is no direct English grammatical equivalent for the expression “〜てもらいます.”

自じ分ぶんの行こう為いが相あい手てに感かん謝しゃされると思おもうときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker thinks that the other person will be grateful for the action.

Boss: The employee lent me an umbrella. (The boss is very grateful to the employee.)

「てくれます」の文ぶん法ぽう要よう点てんについては、すでに解かい説せつしておりますので、そちらをご覧らんください。

The key grammatical points of “〜てくれます” have already been explained above, so please refer to the relevant section.

Reference: Minna no Nihongo Lesson 41

「てあげます・てさしあげます」の文ぶん型けいは、直ちょく接せつ相あい手てに使つかうと失しつ礼れいになります。
特とくに「下した→上うえ」の関かん係けいでは使つかわないようにしましょう。

In Japanese, expressions such as “te agemasu” and “te sashiagemasu” can sound impolite when used directly toward the listener.

In particular, they should be avoided in situations where the speaker is in a lower position than the listener, such as a junior speaking to a senior or an employee speaking to a superior.

👇下か記きの表ひょう現げんは避さけましょう（Avoid the following expressions）

Employee: I will lend you my umbrella, sir. Here you are.

Boss: …

👇下か記きの表ひょう現げんを使つかいましょう（Use the following expressions）

Here is an umbrella for you, sir. Here you are.

Boss: Thank you.

Giving and Receiving Favors：てやります・てもらいます・てくれます

自じ分ぶんの行こう為いが相あい手てに感かん謝しゃされると思おもうときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker thinks that the other person will be grateful for the action.

「てやります」は、動どう物ぶつや植しょく物ぶつ、または目め下したの人ひとに何なにかをしてあげるときに使つかいます。

目め上うえの人ひとに対たいして使つかうと失しつ礼れいになるため、使つかわないようにしましょう。

“〜てやります” is used when doing something for animals, plants, or people of lower status, such as someone younger or in a subordinate position.

It should not be used when speaking to or about someone of higher status, as it can sound impolite or disrespectful.

Brother: I taught English to my younger sister. (The brother thinks that his younger sister will appreciate the action.)

自じ分ぶんの行こう為いが相あい手てに感かん謝しゃされると思おもうときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker is grateful for the other person’s action.

Sister: I received help from my brother with his English teaching. (The sister expresses her gratitude to her brother.)

「てもらいます」に対たい応おうする英えい語ご文ぶん型けいはありません。

There is no direct English grammatical equivalent for the expression “〜てもらいます.”

自じ分ぶんの行こう為いが相あい手てに感かん謝しゃされると思おもうときに使つかいます。

This expression is used when the speaker is grateful for the other person’s action.

Sister: My brother taught me English. (The sister expresses her gratitude to her brother.)

「てくれます」の文ぶん法ぽう要よう点てんについては、すでに解かい説せつしておりますので、そちらをご覧らんください。

The key grammatical points of “〜てくれます” have already been explained above, so please refer to the relevant section.

Reference: Minna no Nihongo Lesson 41

Japanese Grammar (日本語文法)

Learn essential Japanese grammar for daily conversations with clear explanations, examples, illustrations, and English translations. Study Minna no Nihongo grammar for JLPT N4–N5.

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