Guide to Japanese New Year (Oshogatsu) Traditions (日本のお正月)

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お正月関係の日本語(Japanese New Year Vocabulary)

お正しょう月がつ関かん係けいの日に本ほん語ご(Japanese New Year Vocabulary)

JapaneseEnglish
門かど松まつKadomatsu (New Year pine decoration)
注し連め縄なわShimenawa(Sacred straw rope)
鏡かがみ餅もちKagamimochi (Decorative rice cakes for the New Year)
御お節せち料りょう理りOsechi Ryori(Traditional New Year’s cuisine)
お雑ぞう煮にOzoni(New Year’s rice cake soup)
お屠と蘇そOtoso(New Year’s spiced sake)
祝いわい箸ばしIwaibashi(Ceremonial chopsticks used for New Year’s)
お年とし玉だまOtoshidama(New Year’s money gift)
年ねん賀が状じょうNengajo (New Year’s greeting cards)
ぽち袋ぶくろPochibukuro(Decorative envelopes for gift money)
福ふく袋ぶくろFukubukuro(Lucky bags with mystery items)
初はつ詣もうでHatsumode(First shrine visit of the year)
お賽さい銭せんOsaisen(Monetary offering at a shrine)
お御み籤くじOmikuji (Fortune slips drawn at shrines)
破は魔ま矢やHamaya(Decorative arrow to ward off evil spirits)
初はつ夢ゆめHatsuyume(First dream of the year)
書かき初ぞめKakizome(First calligraphy of the year)
七なな草くさ粥がゆNanakusagayu(Seven-herb rice porridge eaten on Jan 7)
鏡かがみ開びらき/鏡かがみ割わりKagamibiraki/Kagamiwari(Rice cake breaking ceremony)
小こ正しょう月がつKoshogatsu(Little New Year, celebrated on Jan 15)
左さ義ぎ長ちょう/どんど焼やきSagicho/Dondoyaki(New Year’s bonfire event)
大おお掃そう除じOsoji(Year-end general cleaning)
餅もちつきMochitsuki(Mochi pounding)
年とし越こし蕎そ麦ばToshikoshi Soba(New Year’s Eve soba noodles)
除じょ夜やの鐘かねJoya no Kane(108 bell rings on New Year’s Eve)

お正月行事の日本語(Japanese New Year Activity Vocabulary)

お正しょう月がつ行ぎょう事じの日に本ほん語ご(Japanese New Year Activity Vocabulary)

■年とし越こし蕎そ麦ば

年とし越こし蕎そ麦ばとは、大おお晦みそ日かに幸こう運うんを願ねがって食たべる麺めんのことです。

“Toshikoshi Soba” is a type of noodle dish eaten on New Year’s Eve with the hope of bringing good fortune.

■除じょ夜やの鐘かね

除じょ夜やの鐘かねとは、大おお晦みそ日かの午ご後ご12時じ頃ごろから元がん旦たんにかけて,仏ぶっ教きょう寺じ院いんで鐘かねを打うつ儀ぎ式しきのことです。仏ぶっ教きょうでは人ひとには108ひゃくやっつの煩ぼん悩のうがあるとされており、その108ひゃくやっつの煩ぼん悩のうを除のぞく意い味みを込こめて、鐘かねを108ひゃくはち回かい突つき鳴ならします。

“Joya no Kane” is a ceremony in which bells are rung at Buddhist temples from around midnight on New Year’s Eve to New Year’s Day. In Buddhism, it is said that humans have 108 earthly desires, and the bell is rung 108 times with the intention of removing these desires.

■日に本ほんのお正しょう月がつ

日に本ほんのお正しょう月がつとは新しん暦れき1月がつのことです。日に本ほんではお正しょう月がつに、正しょう月がつ飾かざりや正しょう月がつ料りょう理りを用よう意いして、幸こう福ふくと繁はん栄えいの神かみ様さまである「年とし神がみ様さま」を迎むかえます。1いち月がつ1日ついたちを元がん旦たんといい、元がん旦たんから3日みっかまでを「正しょう月がつ三さんが日にち」、元がん旦たんから7日なのかまでを「松まつの内うち」と呼よびます。元がん旦たんから1月がつ15日にちまでを「松まつの内うち」と呼よぶところもあります。

“The Japanese New Year” refers to the month of January in the Gregorian calendar. In Japan, people prepare New Year’s decorations and dishes to welcome Toshigami-sama, the god of happiness and prosperity. January 1st is called Gantan (New Year’s Day), and the first three days of the year (January 1st to 3rd) are called “Shogatsu Sanganichi.” The period from January 1st to 7th is called “Matsu no Uchi,” although in some regions it lasts until January 15th.

■初はつ夢ゆめ

「初はつ夢ゆめ」とは、新あたらしい年としを迎むかえ、最さい初しょに見みた夢ゆめのことです。一いっ般ぱん的てきに元がん旦たんの夜よるに見みた夢ゆめのことを指さします。日に本ほんには「一いち富ふ士じ二に鷹たか三さん茄な子すび」という言こと葉ばがあり「初はつ夢ゆめに見みると縁えん起ぎが良よい」とされています。「一いち番ばん良よいのは富ふ士じ山さん、二に番ばん目めは鷹たか、三さん番ばん目めは茄な子すび」という意い味みです。

“Hatsuyume” is the first dream you have in the new year. It generally refers to a dream you have on the night of New Year’s Day. In Japan, there is a saying that goes, “One Fuji, two hawks, three eggplants,” and it is said that if you see this in your first dream, it is auspicious. It means “The best is Mt. Fuji, the second is a hawk, and the third is eggplant.”

■七なな草くさ粥がゆ

七なな草くさ粥がゆとは、松まつの内うちの最さい後ごの日ひである1月がつ7日なのかに、無む病びょう息そく災さいや立りっ身しん出しゅっ世せを願ねがって食たべるお粥かゆのことです。七なな草くさ粥がゆの「七なな草くさ」は、芹せり、薺なずな、御形ごぎょう、菘すずな、蘿蔔すずしろ、仏ほとけの座ざ、繁はこ縷べらの七種しゅ類るいです。

“Nanakusa-gayu (rice porridge with seven herbs)” is rice porridge eaten on January 7th, the last day of the New Year’s holiday, to pray for health and success in life. The seven herbs in nanakusa-gayu are water parsley, shepherd’s purse, gogyo (a Japanese parsley), turnip, Japanese radish, henbit, and chickweed.

■鏡かがみ開びらき(鏡かがみ割わり)

鏡かがみ開びらき(鏡かがみ割わり)とは、1月がつ11日にちに、年とし神がみ様さまにお供そなえしていた鏡かがみ餅もちを割わって、お雑ぞう煮にやお汁しる粉こに入いれて食たべる行ぎょう事じのことです。

“Kagami-biraki (Kagami-wari)” is an event on January 11th when the Kagami mochi (rice cake) that was offered to the New Year’s deity is broken and eaten in ozoni (a soup with rice cakes) or shiruko (a sweet red bean soup).

■左さ義ぎ長ちょう(どんど焼やき/とんど祭まつり)

左さ義ぎ長ちょうとは、1月がつ15日にちの小こ正しょう月がつに、正しょう月がつ飾かざりや書かき初ぞめを燃もやす行ぎょう事じのことで、その煙けむりに乗のって「年とし神がみ様さま」が天てん上じょうに帰かえってゆくと言いわれています。この火ひで焼やいたお餅もち等などを食たべると無む病びょう息そく災さいで過すごすことができ、燃もやした書かき初ぞめの火ひが高たかく上あががれば字じが上じょう手ずになると言いわれています。左さ義ぎ長ちょうを「どんど焼やき」「とんど祭まつり」と呼よぶ地ち域いきもあります。

“Sagicho” is an event held on January 15th, called the Little New Year, where New Year’s decorations and calligraphy are burned. It is said that the ‘New Year’s god’ returns to heaven on the smoke. Eating rice cakes and other foods roasted over this fire is believed to bring good health and protection from illness. Also, if the flame of the burning calligraphy rises high, it is said that one’s calligraphy skills will improve. In some regions, Sagicho is known as ‘Dondo Yaki’ or the ‘Tondo Festival.’

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