Guide to Japanese New Year (Oshogatsu) Traditions (日本のお正月)

Daily Words

お正月関係の日本語(Japanese New Year Vocabulary)

しょうがつかんけいほんJapanese New Year Vocabulary

JapaneseEnglish
かどまつKadomatsu (New Year pine decoration)
なわShimenawa(Sacred straw rope)
かがみもちKagamimochi (Decorative rice cakes for the New Year)
せちりょうOsechi Ryori(Traditional New Year’s cuisine)
ぞうOzoni(New Year’s rice cake soup)
Otoso(New Year’s spiced sake)
いわいばしIwaibashi(Ceremonial chopsticks used for New Year’s)
としだまOtoshidama(New Year’s money gift)
ねんじょうNengajo (New Year’s greeting cards)
ぽちぶくろPochibukuro(Decorative envelopes for gift money)
ふくぶくろFukubukuro(Lucky bags with mystery items)
はつもうでHatsumode(First shrine visit of the year)
さいせんOsaisen(Monetary offering at a shrine)
くじOmikuji (Fortune slips drawn at shrines)
Hamaya(Decorative arrow to ward off evil spirits)
はつゆめHatsuyume(First dream of the year)
Kakizome(First calligraphy of the year)
ななくさがゆNanakusagayu(Seven-herb rice porridge eaten on Jan 7)
かがみびらき/かがみKagamibiraki/Kagamiwari(Rice cake breaking ceremony)
しょうがつKoshogatsu(Little New Year, celebrated on Jan 15)
ちょう/どんどSagicho/Dondoyaki(New Year’s bonfire event)
おおそうOsoji(Year-end general cleaning)
もちつきMochitsuki(Mochi pounding)
としToshikoshi Soba(New Year’s Eve soba noodles)
じょかねJoya no Kane(108 bell rings on New Year’s Eve)

お正月行事の日本語(Japanese New Year Activity Vocabulary)

しょうがつぎょうほんJapanese New Year Activity Vocabulary

とし

としとは、おおみそこううんねがってべるめんのことです。

“Toshikoshi Soba” is a type of noodle dish eaten on New Year’s Eve with the hope of bringing good fortune.

じょかね

じょかねとは、おおみそ12ごろからがんたんにかけて,ぶっきょういんかねしきのことです。ぶっきょうではひとには108ひゃくやっつのぼんのうがあるとされており、その108ひゃくやっつのぼんのうのぞめて、かね108ひゃくはちかいらします。

“Joya no Kane” is a ceremony in which bells are rung at Buddhist temples from around midnight on New Year’s Eve to New Year’s Day. In Buddhism, it is said that humans have 108 earthly desires, and the bell is rung 108 times with the intention of removing these desires.

ほんのおしょうがつ

ほんのおしょうがつとはしんれき1がつのことです。ほんではおしょうがつに、しょうがつかざりやしょうがつりょうようして、こうふくはんえいかみさまである「としがみさま」をむかえます。1いちがつ1日ついたちがんたんといい、がんたんから3日みっかまでを「しょうがつさんにち」、がんたんから7日なのかまでを「まつうち」とびます。がんたんから1がつ15にちまでを「まつうち」とぶところもあります。

“The Japanese New Year” refers to the month of January in the Gregorian calendar. In Japan, people prepare New Year’s decorations and dishes to welcome Toshigami-sama, the god of happiness and prosperity. January 1st is called Gantan (New Year’s Day), and the first three days of the year (January 1st to 3rd) are called “Shogatsu Sanganichi.” The period from January 1st to 7th is called “Matsu no Uchi,” although in some regions it lasts until January 15th.

はつゆめ

はつゆめ」とは、あたらしいとしむかえ、さいしょゆめのことです。いっぱんてきがんたんよるゆめのことをします。ほんには「いちたかさんすび」ということがあり「はつゆめるとえんい」とされています。「いちばんいのはさんばんたかさんばんすび」というです。

“Hatsuyume” is the first dream you have in the new year. It generally refers to a dream you have on the night of New Year’s Day. In Japan, there is a saying that goes, “One Fuji, two hawks, three eggplants,” and it is said that if you see this in your first dream, it is auspicious. It means “The best is Mt. Fuji, the second is a hawk, and the third is eggplant.”

ななくさがゆ

ななくさがゆとは、まつうちさいである1がつ7日なのかに、びょうそくさいりっしんしゅっねがってべるおかゆのことです。ななくさがゆの「ななくさ」は、せりなずな御形ごぎょうすずな蘿蔔すずしろほとけはこべらの七しゅるいです。

“Nanakusa-gayu (rice porridge with seven herbs)” is rice porridge eaten on January 7th, the last day of the New Year’s holiday, to pray for health and success in life. The seven herbs in nanakusa-gayu are water parsley, shepherd’s purse, gogyo (a Japanese parsley), turnip, Japanese radish, henbit, and chickweed.

かがみびらき(かがみり)

かがみびらき(かがみり)とは、1がつ11にちに、としがみさまにおそなえしていたかがみもちって、おぞうやおしるれてべるぎょうのことです。

“Kagami-biraki (Kagami-wari)” is an event on January 11th when the Kagami mochi (rice cake) that was offered to the New Year’s deity is broken and eaten in ozoni (a soup with rice cakes) or shiruko (a sweet red bean soup).

ちょう(どんどき/とんどまつり)

ちょうとは、1がつ15にちしょうがつに、しょうがつかざりやめをやすぎょうのことで、そのけむりって「としがみさま」がてんじょうかえってゆくとわれています。このいたおもちなどべるとびょうそくさいごすことができ、やしためのたかあががればじょうになるとわれています。ちょうを「どんどき」「とんどまつり」といきもあります。

“Sagicho” is an event held on January 15th, called the Little New Year, where New Year’s decorations and calligraphy are burned. It is said that the ‘New Year’s god’ returns to heaven on the smoke. Eating rice cakes and other foods roasted over this fire is believed to bring good health and protection from illness. Also, if the flame of the burning calligraphy rises high, it is said that one’s calligraphy skills will improve. In some regions, Sagicho is known as ‘Dondo Yaki’ or the ‘Tondo Festival.’

Copied title and URL