Japanese Grammar (日本語文法)

Grammar

日本語文法(Japanese Grammar)

ほんサイトの「ぶんぽう」カテゴリーでは、かいでよく使つかわれるしょきゅうぶんほうちゅうしんに、「ほんぶんぽう」をかんけつにわかりやすくしょうかいしています。「ひゃくぶんいっけんかず」をコンセプトに、ほんどうけいようかつよういちらんひょうにまとめ、ひょうやイラストを使つかって、ほんとくゆうの「じょ」「けい」「じゅじゅひょうげん」などのややふくざつぶんぽうをできるだけわかりやすくせつめいしています。また、ほんの「どう」と「どう」を4つのタイプべついちらんひょうにまとめ、それぞれのどうにはほんれいぶんちゅうごくほんやくけました。「みんなのほんしょきゅう〉」でまなぶN4-N5レベルのぶんほうは、すべてほんサイトの「ぶんぽう」カテゴリーにしょうかいしてあります。がくしゅうしゃが「みんなのほんしょきゅう〉」きょうざいさんしょうしやすいように、「みんなのほんしょきゅう〉」きょうざいかんれんするぶんぽうページには「みんなのほんだい×」とめいいたしました。ほんサイトがほんがくしゅうしゃほんのうりょくこうじょうすこしでもやくつことをねがっています。

The Grammar section of this website focuses on essential grammar concepts commonly used in everyday conversations, with a particular emphasis on beginner-level Japanese grammar. Based on the idea that “seeing is believing,” the site features verb and adjective conjugation tables, along with charts and illustrations to clearly explain more complex topics such as particles, honorifics, and giving/receiving expressions. Transitive and intransitive verbs are grouped into four distinct categories, with each verb accompanied by example sentences in Japanese and their Chinese translations. All N4–N5 level grammar points from the Minna no Nihongo: Elementary textbook are introduced in this section. To make navigation easier, grammar pages that correspond to the textbook are clearly marked with the relevant lesson number (e.g., “Minna no Nihongo: Lesson X”). This site is designed to help Japanese learners strengthen their understanding of grammar in a clear and accessible way.

日本語文法一覧(Japanese Grammar Index)

  • 日本語文法一覧(Japanese Grammar List)
  • 日本語の助詞(Japanese Particles)
  • Japanese Verb Conjugation Charts (日本語動詞活用表)
  • Japanese Grammar: Polite and Plain Form Conjugation Chart (丁寧形&普通形)
  • Polite Form (です/ます)/Plain Form (だ)/Formal Written Style (である)
  • Japanese Adverbs (日本語の副詞)
  • Japanese Conjunctions (日本語の接続詞)
  • Japanese Grammar: Four Verb Types (継続動詞・瞬間動詞・状態動詞・第4の動詞)
  • 自動詞 (Intransitive Verbs) vs 他動詞 (Transitive Verbs)
  • 自動詞 (Intransitive Verbs List)
  • 他動詞 (Transitive Verbs List)
  • 無対自動詞(Intransitive Verbs Without Corresponding Transitive Verbs)
  • 無対他動詞(Transitive Verbs Without Corresponding Intransitive Verbs)
  • 自他ペア動詞(Pairs of Transitive and Intransitive Verbs)
  • 自他同形動詞(Verbs Identical in Form for Both Transitive and Intransitive Uses)
  • 意志動詞 (Volitional Verbs) vs 無意志動詞 (Non-volitional Verbs)
  • “何 (Nan)” vs “何 (Nani)”: What’s the Difference?
  • 誰か (Someone)/何か (Something)/どこか (Somewhere)/いつか (Sometime)/なぜか (Somewhy)
  • Japanese Grammar: How to Use “ころ”, “ごろ”, “くらい”, and “ぐらい”
  • Uses of the Adverb “もう (mou)”
  • 教えます (Teach/Tell)/聞きます (Listen/Ask)
  • Demonstratives: これ (kore)/それ (sore)/あれ (are)/どれ (dore)
  • Japanese Grammar: From A to B (AからBまで) Meaning and Usage
  • ~から近いです (close to ~)/~から遠いです (far from ~)
  • Japanese Grammar: まだ~ています (Still in Progress / Ongoing State)
  • まだ+Verb Te Form+ていません : not yet done ~
  • 形容詞の名詞化 (Nominalization of Adjectives)
  • 形容詞の副詞化 (Adverbial Forms of Adjectives)
  • 形容詞 (Adjective) + “め (me)” : Indicating a somewhat higher degree
  • Concepts and Differences Between “は (wa)” and “が (ga)”
  • Concepts and Differences Between “を (wo)” and “に (ni)”
  • Concepts and Differences Between “と (to)” and “に (ni)”
  • Concepts and Differences Between “へ (e)” and “に (ni)”
  • Usage of the Case Particle “に (ni)”
  • Usage of the Case Particle “で (de)”
  • Three Uses of the Case Particle “を (wo)”
  • Japanese Grammar: Using “に (ni)” for Time (時間を表す名詞+に)
  • 終助詞(Sentence-ending Particles): ね (ne), よね (yone), よ (yo), かな (kana), の (no)
  • 取り立て助詞(Emphatic Particles): Interchangeability of “は (wa)” and “も (mo)”
  • Replacing Other Particles with the Emphatic Particle “は (wa)”
  • Replacing Other Particles with the Emphatic Particle “も (mo)”
  • Emphatic Particle “は (wa)” in Contrastive Use
  • Usage of the Emphatic Particle “も (mo)”
  • 限界 (Limit): Quantifier (Maximum Extent) + “で (de)”
  • 強調 (Emphatic Use): Quantifier + “も (mo)” (More than expected)
  • 強調 (Emphatic Use): Quantifier + “は (wa)” (At Least)
  • 場所 (Place): Differences Between “で (de)” and “に (ni)”
  • 手段 (Means): Tool + “で (de)” (Using ~/With ~)
  • 交通手段 (Means of Transportation): Vehicle + “で (de)” (by ~)
  • 例示 (Examples): ~と (to) ~/~や (ya) ~など (nado)/~とか (toka) ~とか (toka)
  • 日本語の授受表現 : About Japanese Giving and Receiving Expressions
  • Japanese Grammar: Giving and Receiving Favors (てあげます・てもらいます・てくれます)
  • Japanese Grammar: Giving and Receiving Things (あげます・もらいます・くれます)
  • Conditional Expressions: Verb Dictionary Form + “と (to)” (If/When ~)
  • Conditional Expressions: Verb Conditional Form + “ば (ba)” (If/When ~)
  • Conditional Expressions: Verb Ta Form + “たら (tara)” (If/When ~)
  • Conditional Expressions: Verb Plain Form + “なら (nara)” (If/When ~)
  • “~場合 (baai)” – When/In case ~
  • “~ば~ほど”/“~なら~ほど” – The more ~, the more ~
  • Concessive Conditional: たとえ~ても (Even if ~)
  • 目的 (Purpose): Verb Polite Form + に (ni) + 行きます (to go to do ~)
  • 目的 (Purpose): Verb Dictionary Form + の (no) + に (ni) – for ~
  • 目的 (Purpose): ~ために (for ~)
  • 目的 (Purpose): ~ように (for ~)
  • 受身 (Passive Voice)
  • 使役 (Causative Form)
  • 敬語 (Honorific): 尊敬語 (Respectful language)
  • 敬語 (Honorific): 謙譲語 (Humble Language) vs 丁寧語 (Polite Language)
  • 敬語 (Honorific): Honorific Noun Forms
  • 敬語 (Honorific): Beautifying Expressions (a type of Polite Language)
  • Japanese Grammar: Imperative Sentences (命令文)
  • Japanese Grammar: Prohibitive Sentences (禁止文)
  • 私の趣味は〜ことです (My hobby is ~)
  • 意外 (Unexpectedness)・不満 (Complaint): ~のに (Although ~)
  • Examples and Repetition: Verb Ta Form + たり
  • 経験 (Experience): Verb Ta Form + たことがあります (Have done ~)
  • “~とき (toki)” – When ~
  • Verb Dictionary Form + 前に/Noun + の + 前に (Before doing)
  • Japanese Grammar: ~ところです vs ~ばかりです (Difference & Usage)
  • “~とおりに (toorini)” – Just as ~
  • Advice: Verb Ta Form + たほうがいいですよ (You’d better do ~)
  • Expressing Intention: ~つもりです/~と思っています (Plan to ~)
  • Expressing Schedule: Verb Dictionary Form + 予定です/Noun + の予定です (Scheduled to ~)
  • Japanese Grammar: ~と伝えていただけませんか (Could you please tell someone that…?)
  • Japanese Grammar: How to Use “~と言いました” and “~と言っていました”
  • Change Expressions: ~(く/に)します (Make ~)/~(く/に)なります (Become ~)
  • Change Expressions: ~ようになりました (can now ~)/~なくなりました (can no longer ~)
  • Making a Request: ~ようにしてください (Please try to ~)
  • Expressing Effort: ~ようにしています (Make an effort to ~)
  • Advice Expression: ~べきです (Should ~/Ought to ~)
  • Prediction Expressions: ~はずです (Supposed to ~)
  • Expressing Whether or Not: ~かどうか/Question Word + か
  • Transitive Verb Te Form + てあります (Intentional Result)
  • Intransitive Verb Te Form + ています (Current State)
  • Habitual Actions: Verb Te Form + ています
  • Making Requests: Verb Te Form + てください (Please do ~)
  • Making Polite Requests: Verb Te Form + ていただけませんか (Would you please ~?)
  • Japanese Grammar: ~てしまいました (Completion and Negative Emotions)
  • Japanese Grammar: Verb (Te-form) + てみます (Try Doing Something)
  • Prohibition: Verb Te Form + てはいけません (must not do ~)
  • Sequence of Actions: Verb Te Forms + て
  • Change Expressions: Verb Te Form + てきます or ていきます
  • Change Expressions: Verb Te Form + てきます (be getting ~)
  • Japanese Grammar: Verb Te-Form + ておきます (ときます)
  • Verb Te Form + てから/Verb Ta Form + たあとで (After Doing ~)
  • Permission: Verb Te Form + てもかまいませんか (May I ~?)
  • Verb Te Form + てもかまいませんよ (It’s Okay to ~)
  • Permission: Verb Te Form + てもいいですか (May I ~?)
  • Verb Te Form + てもいいですよ (It’s Okay to ~)
  • 並列 (Coordination): ~て (Te Form) + ~て (Te Form) + ~です
  • Japanese Grammar: Plain Form + “~し” (Parallel Listing & Reasons)
  • Cause: ~て (Te Form)、~。
  • Cause: ~から/~ので (Because ~/Since ~)
  • Cause: おかげで (Thanks to ~ Positive Result)/せいで (Because of ~ Negative Result)
  • 付帯 (Adverbial meaning): ~て、~します (Doing ~ while doing ~)
  • Japanese Grammar: How to Use “Plain Form + んです (n desu)”
  • Japanese Grammar: “Plain Form + と思います” – Meaning & Usage
  • Expressing possibility: Plain Form + かもしれません (Maybe ~/Might ~)
  • 文の名詞化 (Nominalizing Sentences): Plain Form + の
  • Japanese Grammar: ~そうです (Sou desu / Hearsay) – Usage & Examples
  • Japanese Grammar: ~ようです (You desu / Inference) – Usage & Examples
  • 推量 (Conjecture): Plain Form + ようです/Plain Form + みたいです (It seems that ~)
  • 伝聞 (Reportative): そうです/推量 (Conjecture) ようです/推定 (Estimation) らしいです
  • Japanese Grammar: ような・ように・ようです – Meaning, Differences, and Usage
  • Confirming Memory or Seeking Confirmation: Plain Form + んだっけ/Plain Form + っけ
  • Plain Form + でしょう↑ Confirming (~right?)/Plain Form + でしょう↓ Probable (~probably)
  • Verb Potential Form (Expressing Ability and Possibility)
  • Verb Dictionary Form + ことができます/Noun + ができます (Can/Be able to)
  • “見える (Can see)” vs “見られる (Can be seen)”/“聞こえる (Can hear)” vs “聞ける (Can be heard)”
  • Doing Two Actions Simultaneously: Verb Stem + ながら, Doing Something
  • Verb Stem + たいです (Want to)/Verb Stem + たくないです (Don’t want to)
  • Verb Stem + たがります (Third person wants to ~)
  • Verb Stem + すぎます (Too ~/Excessively ~)
  • Invitation: Verb Stem + ませんか (Inviting someone to ~)
  • Japanese Grammar: ~そうです (Sou desu / Appearance) – Usage & Examples
  • Verb Stem + 始めます (to begin ~) vs Verb Stem + 終わります (to finish ~)
  • Verb Stem + ましょう (Let’s ~)/Verb Stem + ませんか (Shall we ~)/Verb Stem + ましょうか (Shall I ~)
  • Verb Stem + やすいです (easy to ~) vs Verb Stem + にくいです (hard to ~)
  • Verb Stem + きります (to do ~ completely) vs Verb Stem + きれません (cannot do ~ completely)
  • どうやって + Verb (how to ~)
  • Noun + はどうですか (How about ~?)
  • Noun + はどこですか (Where is ~?)
  • Noun + は ~ですか。(それとも) ~ですか。 (Is it ~ or ~?)
  • Noun + はどれですか (Which one is ~?) vs Noun + はどちら(どっち)ですか (Which of the two is ~?)
  • Noun + は、どんな + Noun ですか (What kind of ~ is it?)
  • どんな + Noun + が~ですか (What kind of ~ does [subject] ~?)
  • Ask about the best: Noun + の中で、疑問詞 (Interrogative word) + が一番~ですか
  • Noun + は、~という意味です (~ means ~)
  • Noun + は、言語 (Language) + で何と言いますか (How do you say ~ in ~ language?)
  • Noun + がほしいです (want ~)
  • Example Expression: Noun + でも vs Noun + 助詞 (Particle) + でも
  • Comparison : 名詞 (Noun) ① と 名詞 (Noun) ② と、どちらが~ですか (Which is more ~, Noun ① or Noun ②?)
  • Japanese Grammar: Comparison – A は B より~です (A is more ~ than B)
  • 名詞の修飾 (Noun Modification)
  • 名詞の修飾 (Noun Modification): 名詞句 (Noun Phrases) vs 連体修飾節 (Adnominal Clauses)
  • 連体修飾節(名詞修飾節): Adnominal Clauses
  • Noun (Sound/Smell/Taste) + がします (There is a ~ sound/smell/taste)
  • Noun + だけ (only ~) vs Quantity Noun + だけ (only [amount])
  • 名詞 (Noun) + でお願いします (I’ll have ~, please)
  • 人 (People) vs 動物 (Animals) + がいます/植物 (Plants) vs 物 (Objects) + があります
  • ~ものです (Indicates Common Sense, Advice, Exclamation, or Recollection)
  • 〈Quantity or Amount〉 + になります (It will be ~)
  • Verb (Negative Form) + ないでください (Please don’t ~)
  • Japanese Grammar: ~なければなりません (Must / Have to)
  • Verb (Negative Form) + なくてもいいです (don’t have to ~)
  • Decision Expressions: Noun + にします (to decide on ~)/Noun + になります (to be decided)
  • Decision Expressions: ~ことにします (to decide to ~)/~ことになります (to be decided to ~)
  • Limitation Expressions: ~だけ (Only in affirmative) vs ~しか (Only in negative)
  • Neglect Expressions: ~っぱなし (leaving as is, often implying neglect)
  • Maintaining the status quo Expression ~: まま (leave something in ~ state)
  • 讃美 (Praise): Plain Form + だけあって (As expected of ~/Worthy of ~)
  • 独り言 (Self-talk): Verb (Volitional Form) + っと (I’m going to ~!)
  • Emphasis Expressions: ~なんか/~なんて (Expressing disdain or surprise)
  • 名詞 (Noun) + めく (like ~/having a ~ feel/implying ~)
  • ~っぽい (like/seems/looks/feels/tends to ~)
  • ~系 (belonging to ~ category/type)
  • ~がち (tend to ~/often ~/prone to ~)
  • ~きり/~っきり (no more/only/since then)
  • 思わず・つい・うっかり (unintentionally/accidentally/carelessly)
  • ~に関して/~について/~を巡って/~に対して (regarding ~/about ~/concerning ~/towards ~)
  • 名詞 (Noun) + に関して: regarding ~/concerning ~ (formal or objective topics)
  • 名詞 (Noun) + について: about ~ (general topics, discussions, studies, etc.)
  • 名詞 (Noun) + に対して: towards ~/against ~/in contrast to ~ (attitudes, reactions, comparisons)
  • 名詞 (Noun) + をめぐって: concerning ~ (disputes, opposition, arguments, rumors, etc.)
  • How to Use “ながら” (While Doing ~, and Although, etc.)
  • How to Use “つつ” (While Doing ~, Although ~, and In the Process of ~)
  • Four Usages of “わけ (wake)”
  • “わけです” in Monologue: Reason, Conclusion, and Emphasis
  • “わけです” in Dialogue: Reason, Conclusion, and Understanding
  • Plain Form + わけではありません (It doesn’t mean ~/not necessarily ~)
  • Verb (Dictionary Form) + わけにはいきません (can’t ~/must not ~)
  • Plain Form + わけがありません (There’s no way ~/impossible to ~)
  • Verb (Dictionary Form) + 上で (upon doing ~/in the process of ~)
  • Verb (Ta Form) + 上で/Noun + の + 上で (after ~)
  • 名詞 (Noun) + 上で/名詞 (Noun) + 上 (in terms of ~/based on ~)
  • Plain Form + 上に (not only ~ but also ~)
Daily Japanese Conversations (日本語の日常会話)
Natural conversations of a Japanese family from waking up to bedtime, with character illustrations and English translations. Easy to follow and perfect for improving daily Japanese skills!
Travel Japanese Conversations (日本語の旅行会話)
Explore practical Japanese travel conversations for situations like airports, restaurants, shopping, and emergencies. Perfect for learners looking to improve their everyday and travel Japanese. Master simple, useful dialogues for smooth and confident trips in Japan!
Business Japanese Conversations (日本語のビジネス会話)
Learn Japanese business conversation for interviews, meetings, and emails. Includes essential phrases, manners, customs, and tips for working at a Japanese company.
Useful Japanese Words for Daily Life (日本語の日常単語)
Learn Japanese daily vocabulary with fun illustrations and clear English translations. Ideal for beginners and self-learners, this visual approach helps you improve language skills quickly and enjoyably. Start learning Japanese today!
Useful Japanese Words and Phrases for Traveling in Japan (日本語の旅行単語)
Learn essential Japanese travel phrases and vocabulary for airports, hotels, and packing. Illustrated with visuals and clear English translations. Perfect for travelers and language learners!
Useful Japanese Words and Phrases for Business (日本語のビジネス単語)
Key business-related topics such as interview attire, interview tips, Japanese etiquette, business card exchange, and the concept of “uchi” (inside) and “soto” (outside) in Japanese communication are introduced in detail using tables and illustrations for clarity. Commonly used Japanese business terms are organized in alphabetical order, and business email writing is categorized by internal and external communication, with sample templates provided for each theme. To support understanding, each Japanese template is accompanied by a English translation. Frequently used words for daily life and travel can be found in the sections titled “Everyday Words” and “Travel Words.” A search bar is available at the top right of the page, allowing users to search in either Japanese or English. This site is intended to support Japanese language learners in improving their practical language skills.
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